Prevalence and related factors of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic

[Background] The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seriously affects the psychological status of medical staff who directly face the risk of the disease. [Objective] This study investigates the prevalence and related factors of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Methods] From February 13 to March 1, 2020, a network questionnaire survey was conducted among 482 medical staff selected by convenience sampling. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic demographic information and COVID-19-related questions. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among the medical staff. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed with PHQ-9 score, GAD-7 score, and ISI score as dependent variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (forward-conditional method) on depression, anxiety, and insomnia as dependent variables was performed with basic demographic information and COVID-19-related questions as independent variables. [Results] Among the surveyed medical staff, the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia were 14.3%, 11.2%, and 23.2%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence rates among different age, gender, local risk level, and occupation groups and those aiding Hubei Province or not. The medical staff who directly contacted fever or diagnosed patients had more serious depression (b=1.73, 95%CI: 0.79-2.66) and insomnia (b=2.43, 95%CI: 1.48-3.39) and a higher risk of insomnia (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.21-2.96). The medical staff whose current protective measures cannot prevent infection had more serious depression (b=1.72, 95% CI: 0.65-2.80), anxiety (b=1.75, 95% CI: 0.76-2.75), and insomnia (b=1.73, 95% CI: 0.63-2.82), and had a higher risk of depression (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.11-3.49), anxiety (OR=3.00, 95%CI: 1.64-5.46), and insomnia (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.08-2.96). [Conclusion] During the COVID-19 epidemic, the risks of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among selected medical staff are increased compared with the non-epidemic period. Occupational exposure to high-risk groups and protective measures would significantly affect mental health of medical staff.Copyright © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.

Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic, just like other infectious disease outbreaks, is associated with adverse psychological and mental outcomes including depression and anxiety. Prior investigations observed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the United States was almost 4 times more during the COVID-19 pandemic (27.8%) than before the pandemic (8.5%) while the prevalence of anxiety among US adults was three times higher during the pandemic (30.8%) than in 2019 (8.2%). Many countries have also experienced a similar prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety during the pandemic. Therefore, this study explored the level and impact of depression and anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and investigated the risk factors while highlighting adequate management and coping strategies needed to curb the global increase of depression and anxiety associated with the pandemic especially on a certain group of people with underlying health conditions, older adults and caregivers.Copyright © 2022 Via Medica. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of Depression and its associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic in adult population of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh

Background: COVID-19 pandemic started in India on 30th January 2020. A nationwide lockdown was enforced from 24th March onwards, and most citizens were confined to their homes causing many psychosocial problems. Objective(s): To find the prevalence of depression and its associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): A community based crosssectional study, conducted among the adult population of urban Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Information was collected using a predesigned questionnaire with a sample size of 396 consenting individuals. Result(s): Of the 396 participants, 99 (25%) had depression;with mild, moderate, and severe depression found in 20.45%, 3.53% and 1% individuals, respectively. Females were affected more than males (32.1% vs 18.2%). Prevalence of depression was 50% among individuals living alone, 34.7% among unemployed people, and 30% among individuals whose income was reduced during the lockdown period. Individuals who were quarantined due to positive/suspected COVID-19 infection had a 45.5% prevalence of depression. Individuals who were divorced or separated, had an increased prevalence of depression [OR 9.2, (95% CI 1.2-73.7)]. People who practiced meditation during the lockdown period had lesser prevalence of depression [OR 2.87, (95% CI 1.1-7.7)] than those who did not. Conclusion(s): The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major psycho-social impact on people. The findings from this study can help identify vulnerable individuals and prevent and/or reduce the morbidity of depression in future, both in India and other parts of the world. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of depression symptoms among Estonian adults and associated factors after the first COVID-19 year

Background and aim. Mental disorders, especially depression, are leading causes of the global health related burden. Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of mental health problems. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of depression symptoms among adults and to analyse associations between self-reported depression symptoms and health and COVID-19 related factors in the general population of Estonia. Methodology. The study was conducted at the National Institute for Health Development. Data were collected from the cross-sectional web-based survey, conducted after the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak (from April 13 to May 5, 2021) in Estonia. Altogether 3,604 adults responded to the survey;the response rate was 35%. The data for 3,557 respondents were included in analysis. The Emotional State Questionnaire version 2, a self-report questionnaire for depression symptoms, was used to assess the prevalence with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse associations between depression symptoms and various factors. Results. During the past month, 18.6% (95% CI 17.3-20.0) of the respondents had had depression symptoms. The prevalence of depression symptoms was significantly higher among women compared to men (15.2% vs. 21.6%, AOR = 1.8) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds of depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic were higher for younger adults, e.g., compared to 70+ year-old people. The AOR=12.0 for 19-29 year- old, AOR=6.0 for 30-39 year-old and AOR=3.8 for 40-49 year-old people. In addition, people with poorer living conditions, unemployed and non-working people and people living alone had higher odds of depressive symptoms. This was also the case with lower self-rated health, less people to rely on, as well as consumption of alcohol in harmful amounts and occasional smoking of regular or e-cigarettes. Conclusion. About one person in five had experienced depression symptoms during the past month. Interventions should primarily be targeted to women, younger age groups, those with a smaller social support network and people with poorer living conditions. Copyright © 2022 OU Celsius Healthcare. All rights reserved.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life of the physiotherapists of Islamabad and Rawalpindi: A cross-sectional study

A global pandemic of Coronavirus appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan and spread globally. The objective behind the study was to find out the impact of COVID-19 on mental status and quality of life of physical therapists of Pakistan. This cross-sectional survey was carried out from August 2020 to January 2021. Data was collected online and personally from teaching and practicing physiotherapists working in universities and in departments of rehabilitation sciences of hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. A sample of 110 physiotherapists was selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Standardized questionnaires including Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), World Health Organization-Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were used to assess depression, anxiety, stress, fear and quality of life. Out of 110 physiotherapists, 48 were males and 62 were females. Through DASS-21, it was assessed that the prevalence of psychological distress was 40.0%, anxiety was 57.3% and depression was 40%. Scores on all four sub-scales of WHOQOL depicted that COVID-19 also impacted the quality of life of physiotherapists including physical, psychological, social and environmental health related quality of life. Similarly, through IES-R, it was assess that 35.5% physiotherapists were having mild to severe level of fear regarding COVID-19. This study concludes us that COVID-19 has a great impact on mental health and quality of life of physiotherapists during this pandemic. Copyright © Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

[Stress, anxiety, and depression in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic]

Background: Mental health is an integral part of health. Having some psychiatric condition without treatment predisposes to a poor quality of life. These alterations have been found with an incidence of up to 50% in the general population. There are very few studies in Mexico on these conditions in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in health workers. Material and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was conducted on health workers in a tertiary hospital, through the application of randomized and self-completed surveys, in search of levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 44.7% of those surveyed showed depression, 83.1% anxiety, and 66.3% stress. The main groups affected were female staff, singles, and medical residents. Those with type 2 diabetes mellitus had higher anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in health workers is similar to that of the general population in our study. Depression was the alteration most found. The scrutiny of alterations in mental health in health workers is of the utmost importance, with greater emphasis in the context of the aforementioned pandemic.

[Depression, anxiety and stress in primary health care users during coronavirus lockdown]

BACKGROUND: Social distancing and lockdown imposed by the world governments as a result of the coronavirus pandemic declaration has resulted in a perfect scenario to the appearance of mental disorders. OBJECTIVE: To identify the levels of anxiety, depression and stress (emotional affective state) that people assigned to a primary health care clinic present during the lockdown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The DASS-21 questionnaire was administered to 150 pacients at the principal entry door of a family medicine unit of the Mexican Institute for Social Security, located in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, between April and May 2020. In addition, the internal validity test of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, and also an association analysis was estimated using Pearson's chi squared test. RESULTS: The internal validity analysis indicated that the questionnaire is acceptable in its general version: Cronbach's alpha = 0.907. However, at the subscales level it is barely acceptable. The results indicated that 42% of the sample present some type of mental disorder, with anxiety being the most persistent. In addition, the estimated levels vary according to sex, educational level and nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: During periods of lockdown, mental problems tend to arise and get worse, which is why it is necessary to implement emotional support programs, especially for working women with obesity weight problems, because they are the most vulnerable group in the face of this situation.

Features of Coping Strategies in the Population during Quarantine in Conditions of Epidemic Danger

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the most common coping strategies in the population in quarantine settings.;PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study used the following set of methods: a general questionnaire aimed at studying socio-demographic data, living conditions during quarantine, lifestyle during quarantine, the presence of chronic diseases and psychodiagnostic methods: assessment of distress R.Kessler, assessment of the presence of manifestations of anxiety-depressive response GAD-7, depression self-assessment scale PHQ-9, stress-overcoming behavior strategies (E. Heim), as well as mathematical methods for processing the obtained data.;RESULTS: Results: Social and psychological characteristics of the examined were investigated, where coping strategies during the quarantine period play a role in the adaptation process and the state of the psychoemotional sphere. Non-adaptive cognitive coping was characterized by the presence of direct strong correlations with high levels of distress and high rates of anxiety and depression.;CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Quarantine restrictions are risk factors for mental health deterioration. In these settings, the interaction of stress factors with anti-stress protection components is important, among which coping strategies play a leading role.